Lot 216: FAGERBERG Carl (1878 - 1948). « tête d'homme ». bronze à patine brune. signé et daté 1925, au dos l'inscription BANKDIREKT OLOF ASCHBERG 1925. H. 36 cm. /92

FAGERBERG Carl (1878 - 1948).
« tête d'homme ».
bronze à patine brune.
signé et daté 1925, au dos l'inscription BANKDIREKT OLOF ASCHBERG 1925.
H. 36 cm.
/92

Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard materials-typically stone such as marble-or metal, glass, or wood except when softer ("plastic") materials can also be used, such as clay, textiles, plastics, polymers and softer metals or when the term has been extended to works including sound, text and light.Materials may be worked by removal such as carving; or they may be assembled such as by welding, hardened such as by firing, or molded or cast. Surface decoration such as paint may be applied.[1] Sculpture has been described as one of the plastic arts because it can involve the use of materials that can be moulded or modulated. Found objects may be presented as sculptures.Sculpture is an important form of public art. A collection of sculpture in a garden setting may be referred to as a sculpture garden.

The materials used in sculpture are diverse, changing throughout history. Sculptors have generally sought to produce works of art that are as permanent as possible, working in durable and frequently expensive materials such as bronze and stone: marble, limestone, porphyry, and granite. More rarely, precious materials such as gold, silver, jade, and ivory were used for chryselephantine works. More common and less expensive materials were used for sculpture for wider consumption, including glass, hardwoods (such as oak, box/boxwood, and lime/linden); terracotta and other ceramics, and cast metals such as pewter and zinc (spelter).Sculptures are often painted, but commonly lose their paint to time, or restorers. Many different painting techniques have been used in making sculpture, including tempera, [oil painting], gilding, house paint, aerosol, enamel and sandblasting.[1][4][5]Many sculptors seek new ways and materials to make art. One of Pablo Picasso's most famous sculptures included bicycle parts. Alexander Calder and other modernists made spectacular use of painted steel. Since the 1960s, acrylics and other plastics have been used as well. Andy Goldsworthy makes his unusually ephemeral sculptures from almost entirely natural materials in natural settings. Some sculpture, such as ice sculpture, sand sculpture, and gas sculpture, is deliberately short-lived. A vast array of sculptors including Joan Miró, Marcel Duchamp, Yves Klein, John Chamberlain, Jean Tinguely, Richard Stankiewicz, Larry Bell, Carl Andre, Louise Bourgeois and others used glass, stained glass, automobile parts, tools, machine parts, and hardware to fashion their works.Sculptors often build small preliminary works called maquettes of ephemeral materials such as plaster of Paris, wax, clay, or plasticine, as Alfred Gilbert did for 'Eros' at Piccadilly Circus, London. In Retroarchaeology, these materials are generally the end product.Sculptors sometimes use found objects.

Heykel, sanatsal bakış açısıyla meydana getirilmiş üç boyutlu formlara denir. Heykel temelde mekânın kapsanması, kavranması ve mekân ile ilişki kurulması ile ilgilenir.Genellikle insan, hayvan ya da nesnelerin heykelleri yapılır. Taş ve ahşap gibi malzemelerden yontularak yapılabileceği gibi, kil, balmumu gibi ara malzemelerden modellenerek, bronz ve tunç gibi metallerden dökülebilir. Büst, rölyef ve tors gibi heykel türleri vardır.

Se llama escultura al arte de modelar el barro, tallar en piedra, madera u otros materiales. Es una de las Bellas Artes en la cual el escultor se expresa creando volúmenes y conformando espacios. En la escultura se incluyen todas las artes de talla y cincel, junto con las de fundición y moldeado. Dentro de la escultura, el uso de diferentes combinaciones de materiales y medios ha originado un nuevo repertorio artístico, que comprende procesos como el constructivismo y el assemblage. En un sentido genérico, se entiende por escultura la obra artística plástica realizada por el escultor.Giorgio Vasari (1511-1573), empieza Le vite de' più eccellenti pittori, scultori e architettori con un prólogo técnico que habla de arquitectura, escultura y pintura, unas disciplinas agrupadas bajo la denominación de «artes del diseño». La obra es un tratado informativo y valioso sobre las técnicas artísticas empleadas en la época. En referencia a la escultura comienza así:... el escultor saca todo lo superfluo y reduce el material a la forma que existe dentro de la mente del artista.Desde tiempos remotos el hombre ha tenido la necesidad de esculpir. Al principio lo hizo con los materiales más simples y que tenía más a mano: piedra, arcilla y madera. Después empleó hierro, bronce, plomo, cera, yeso, plastilina, resina de poliéster y plásticos con refuerzo de fibra de vidrio, hormigón, la cinética y la reflexión de la luz, entre otros. La escultura tuvo en su principio una única función, su uso inmediato; posteriormente se añadió una función ritual, mágica, funeraria y religiosa. Esta funcionalidad fue cambiando con la evolución histórica, adquiriendo una principalmente estética o simplemente ornamental y llegó a ser un elemento duradero o efímero.1