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Lot 3458: PETER SOMM

Est: CHF 3,000 - CHF 5,000Sold:
Koller AuctionsZurich, SwitzerlandJune 29, 2019

Item Overview

Description

PETER SOMM
(Sulgen 1940 - lives and works in Herrenschwanden)
Untitled. 2011.
Acrylic on canvas.
Signed, dated and with the work number on the reverse: Somm 2011 Werk Nr. 1045, as well as signed and dated on the stretcher: P. Somm 2011.
110 x 110 cm.

Provenance:
- Artist's studio.
- Private collection Switzerland.

“The circle and the cross are not constructions but powerful prototypes. Light, as a means of creating art, signifies dematerialisation and transcendence. Instead of closed areas, the goal is transparency and pulsating space; instead of fixed forms, fluctuating light; instead of borders, openness; instead of formal tension and solemn lapidary symmetry, weightlessness and floating.” (From: Peter Somm: Werke 1969-1983, Feststellungen 1984, from the exhibition catalogue Museum zu Allerheiligen Schaffhausen, www.petersomm.ch/statements)

Peter Somm was born in Sulgen in 1940, studied in Fribourg, Vienna and Zurich and finally trained as an anaesthetist in Münsterlingen, Berlin, Zurich and St Gallen. Painting always accompanied him from his early student days: he attended painting courses Berlin and in Switzerland, but above all was self-taught in painting. From 1958 to 1969 Somm created an extensive early body of work, but he made no effort to exhibit these works, and instead immersed himself during this period in the oeuvre of Paul Klee and Johannes Itten. In his work he concentrated on developing his own style, characterised by a layer-like structure of continuous tiers of colour, and right-angled strips in a black-grey-white palette.

In 1969 one of Somm’s acrylic paintings was included as part of an annual winter exhibition at the Helmhaus Zurich, which enabled him to enter the art scene and to be perceived as a creative artist. In 1972 he settled in Herrenschwanden with his wife and three children and continued to work part-time as an anaesthetist in a private clinic in Bern until 1999. Painting occupied him throughout the years, as he steadily searched for his “own kind of constructivism”.

In 1984 he wrote: “If on contemplating a constructive work of art we first think of numbers, compare colours and form and look for geometric relationships, then this work is speaking primarily to the mind. Such forms of expression do not correspond to my outlook today. It is true I work with strictly constructive means, but I do not want to show that 2 + 2 equals 1 + 3. My aim is a constructive art, in which the Rational Constructive element moves increasingly into the background; certainly, it remains as a basis, but it is less and less part of the content. This vision of an open, dematerialised art demands that outlines and forms are abandoned. Triangles, squares and other figures are perceived rationally and, like divisions, shifts, turns and other geometric processes, are not suitable for generating feelings of vastness, infinity or transcendence. On the other hand, I also reject that entirely non-committal, nebulous blurring of colour. Through the structuring principle of a layered gradated continuous range of colours, I avoid the impression of both constructive hardness, as well as diffused haziness.” (www.petersomm.ch/statements)

After studying and elaborating on the foundations of his style in his early work, he then intensified his painting and turned to the theme of light. The glow and oscillation of light is the goal in each of his works. Peter Somm’s light pictures examine three pictorial motifs: the horizon, the circle and the cross - his personal three archetypes or powerful prototypes.
For Peter Somm light is a means of creating a work of art. Through the form of the circle (as eternal cyclical movement) or the horizon (continuous unlimited lines) he manages to create pulsating spaces. This is wonderfully demonstrated in the three works offered here at auction (Lot 3458-3460): his fundamentally simple symmetrical forms float in a state of weightlessness. The glow is created by the closely spaced parallel colour bands. His technique appears quite simple, but the execution is endowed with great precision. With a pair of compasses he sketches the lines in pencil and paints them individually with great precision and with minimal colour nuances. The closer you get to the original shape, the narrower the colour bands, the brighter the stripes become (Lot XY and XX). Through this colour gradation an effect of light is created.

In his watercolour pictures the lightest stripe is usually the one with the least pigment. Gradually the white of the paper seems to appear. In his acrylic pictures his brightest stripes are the ones with the greatest number of colour layers, such as our Lot 3458. Many works, as Lot 3460, seek to create an effect of darkness, and through the outer light areas, the black circular form seems to shine out through the blue.

In Peter Somm’s oeuvre, his “painted light” emerges, bringing radiance and vibration to the work, so that an optical, three-dimensional, mythical and yet almost transcendent depth is achieved.
---------------
PETER SOMM
(Sulgen 1940 - lebt und arbeitet in Herrenschwanden)
Ohne Titel. 2011.
Acryl auf Leinwand.
Verso signiert, datiert und mit Werknummer: Somm 2011 Werk Nr. 1045, sowie auf dem Keilrahmen signiert und datiert: P. Somm 2011.
110 x 110 cm.

Provenienz:
- Atelier des Künstlers.
- Privatsammlung Schweiz.

„Kreis und Kreuz sind keine Konstruktionen, sondern kraftvolle Urbilder. Das Licht als Gestaltungsmittel bedeutet Entmaterialisierung und Transzendenz. Anstelle von geschlossenen Flächen wird Durchsichtigkeit und pulsierende Räumlichkeit angestrebt; statt fester Formen fluktuierendes Licht; statt Grenzen Offenheit und statt formaler Spannung feierlich-lapidare Symmetrie, Schwerelosigkeit und Schweben.“ (Aus: Peter Somm: Werke 1969-1983, Feststellungen 1984, aus dem Ausstellungskatalog Museum zu Allerheiligen Schaffhausen, www.petersomm.ch/statements)

Peter Somm ist 1940 in Sulgen geboren, er studiert in Fribourg, Wien und Zürich Medizin und bildet sich anschliessend zum Anästhesisten in Münsterlingen, Berlin, Zürich und St Gallen aus. Die Malerei hat ihn seit Studienanfängen immer begleitet, er besucht Malkurse in Berlin und in der Schweiz, und bildet sich vor allem als Autodidakt zur Malerei aus. Von 1958 bis 1969 schafft Somm ein umfangreiches Frühwerk, er bemüht sich aber nicht, diese Arbeiten auszustellen, sondern vertieft sich zu dieser Zeit in das Oeuvre von Paul Klee und Johannes Itten. Seine Arbeit konzentriert sich darauf, einen eigenen Stil zu entwickeln, charakterisiert durch ein schichtartiges Strukturprinzip in kontinuierlichen Farbstufen und rechtwinkligen Bandstreifen, in einer Schwarz-Grau-Weiss Palette.

Im Jahr 1969, im Rahmen der jährlichen Winterausstellung im Helmhaus Zürich, wird eines seiner Acrylbilder aufgenommen, welches ihm ermöglicht, die Kunstszene zu betreten und als freischaffender Künstler wahrgenommen zu werden. 1972 lässt er sich mit seiner Frau und den drei Kindern in Herrenschwanden nieder und ist bis 1999 in Teilzeitarbeit als Anästhesist an einer Privatklinik in Bern tätig. Die Malerei beschäftigt ihn über die Jahre hindurch, stetig auf der Suche nach „einem eignen Konstruktivismus“.

Im Jahr 1984 schreibt er: „Wenn man bei der Betrachtung eines konstruktiven Kunstwerkes zuerst an Zahlen denkt, Farben und Formen vergleicht und nach geometrischen Beziehungen sucht, dann spricht dieses Werk primär den Geist an. Solche Ausdrucksformen entsprechen nicht meiner heutigen Auffassung. Ich arbeite zwar mit streng konstruktiven Mitteln, aber ich will nicht zeigen, dass 2 + 2 gleich 1 + 3 ist. Mein Ziel ist eine konstruktive Kunst, bei der das Rational-Konstruktive immer hintergründiger wird; zwar als Basis bleibt, aber immer weniger zum Inhalt wird. Diese Vision einer offenen, entmaterialisierten Kunst erfordert den Verzicht auf Umrisse und Formen. Dreiecke, Vierecke und andere Figuren werden rational wahrgenommen und sind wie Teilungen, Verschiebungen, Drehungen und andere geometrische Verfahren nicht dazu geeignet, Gefühle von Weite, Unendlichkeit und Transzendenz zu erzeugen. Auf der anderen Seite lehne ich das völlig unverbindliche, nebulöse Ineinanderfliessen der Farbe ebenfalls ab. Durch das Strukturprinzip der schichtartig gestuften kontinuierlichen Farbreihe vermeide ich sowohl den Eindruck von konstruktiver Härte als auch von diffuser Verschwommenheit.“ (www.petersomm.ch/statements)

Nachdem er in seinem Frühwerk über viele Jahre vor allem die Grundsteine seiner stilistischen Struktur studiert und erarbeitet hat, vertieft er anschliessend seine Malerei und wendet sich der Thematik des Lichtes zu. Das Leuchten und Oszillieren des Lichtes ist das Ziel in jedem seiner Werke. Peter Somms Lichtbilder setzen sich mit drei Bildmotiven auseinander: Horizont, Kreis und Kreuz – seine persönlichen drei „Archetypen“ oder „kraftvolle Urbilder“.

Das Licht ist für Peter Somm ein Gestaltungsmittel. Durch die Formen des Kreises (als ewige zyklische Bewegung) oder des Horizontes (durchgängige, unbegrenzte Linien) schafft er es, pulsierende Räumlichkeiten zu schaffen. Dies ist anhand der hier drei angebotenen Werke wunderbar ersichtlich: seine grundsätzlich simplen symmetrischen Formen schweben in Schwerelosigkeit. Das Leuchten ist durch das dicht Aneinanderreihen der parallel gelegten Farbbänder erzeugt. Seine Technik scheint recht einfach, jedoch ist die Ausführung mit einer hohen Präzision dotiert. Mit einem Zirkel zeichnet er die Linien mit Bleistift vor und malt diese einzeln mit grosser Exaktheit, in minimalen Farbnuancen aus. Je näher man sich der Urform nähert, desto enger werden die Farbbänder geführt, desto heller werden die Streifen. Durch diese feine Farbabstufung entsteht nun eine Lichterscheinung.

In seinen Aquarellbildern ist meistens der hellste Streifen dort, wo am wenigsten Farbpigmente das Papier bedecken (Lot 3459). Das Weiss des Papiers scheint Schritt für Schritt in Erscheinung zu treten. In seinen Acrylbildern sind die hellsten Streifen an jener Stelle, wo die grösste Zahl an Farbschichten übereinander liegt (Lot 3458). Manche Werke, wie unser Lot 3460, erkunden das Dunkle, und durch die aussen hellen Flächen scheint die schwarze Kreisform aus dem Blau hervorzuscheinen.

Bei Peter Somms Oeuvre tritt sein „gemaltes Licht“ hervor und bringt Strahlung und Vibrieren, sodass eine optische, dreidimensionale, mythische, doch fast auch schon transzendente Tiefe erreicht wird.

Artist or Maker

Payment & Shipping

Payment

Accepted forms of payment: MasterCard, Other, Visa

Shipping

Koller will assist in arranging shipping. All costs associated are the responsibility of the buyer.

Auction Details

A189 PostWar & Contemporary

by
Koller Auctions
June 29, 2019, 02:00 PM CET

Hardturmstrasse 102, Zurich, 8031, CH

Terms

Live bidding may start higher or lower

Buyer's Premium

CHF1 - 10,000:28.0%
CHF10,001 - 400,000:25.0%
CHF400,001+:18.0%

Bidding Increments

From:To:Increment:
CHF0CHF799CHF50
CHF800CHF1,999CHF100
CHF2,000CHF3,199CHF200
CHF3,200CHF3,799CHF300
CHF3,800CHF3,999CHF200
CHF4,000CHF9,999CHF500
CHF10,000CHF19,999CHF1,000
CHF20,000CHF31,999CHF2,000
CHF32,000CHF37,999CHF3,000
CHF38,000CHF39,999CHF2,000
CHF40,000CHF89,999CHF5,000
CHF90,000+CHF10,000

Condition

KOLLER AUCTIONS - CONDITIONS (CLASSIC AUCTIONS)

These conditions apply solely to items which are auctioned by Koller (according to the definition below) live in the saleroom.

By participating in the auction the bidder accepts the following Auction Conditions of Koller Auctions Ltd, Hardturmstrasse 102, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland ("Koller").


1. Legal status of the parties
The auction items are auctioned by Koller in the name of and on the account of the seller of the auctioned item ("Seller"). Koller acts on behalf of and for the account of the Seller as his agent as defined in article 32, section 1 of the Swiss Code of Obligations ("CO"). The hammer price is determined by the bidder recognised by Koller as having made the highest bid in Swiss Francs in the course of an auction ("Purchaser"), resulting in the conclusion of a purchase contract between the Seller and the Purchaser ("Purchase Contract"). Koller is thereby not a party to the Purchase Contract.


2. Surcharge
2.1 In addition to the bid price, the Purchaser must pay a surcharge on such bid price calculated as follows:
i. on a successful bid of up to CHF 10 000: 25%
ii. on a successful bid over CHF 10 000 up to CHF 400 000: 25% on the first CHF 10 000 and 22% on the difference between CHF 10 000 and the bid.
iii. on a successful bid over CHF 400 000: 25% on the first CHF 10 000, 22% on CHF 390 000 and 15% on the difference between CHF 400 000 and the bid.

2.2 If the winning bid is placed over the internet in the course of a saleroom auction which is broadcast online ("Live Auction"), or leaves a pre-sale bid through an independent bidding platform which is linked with Koller, there will be an additional 3% added to the surcharge. Bidders are subject to Koller's terms and conditions as listed on the Live Auction website, which may differ in some respects from those listed here.

2.3 The Purchaser must pay Swiss value added tax ("VAT") on the surcharge. The stated percentage of the surcharge corresponds to the successful bid for each individual item.

2.4 The full tax is charged on all items marked * in the auction catalogue, i.e. VAT is charged on the sum of the bid price plus the surcharge for those items. The VAT will be refunded to Purchasers providing a validly stamped export declaration.

2.5 The Purchaser agrees that Koller also has the possibility to receive a commission from the Seller.


3. Guarantee
3.1 Koller shall rescind the purchase (subject to Sections 3.2 and 3.3 below) in the name of the Seller and shall reimburse the purchase price and the surcharge (incl. VAT) to the Purchaser if an item proves to be a forgery. A "forgery" shall be deemed to exist if the item, in the reasonable opinion of Koller, is an imitation created with the intention of causing a deception with respect to the authorship, age, period, culture or origin, if the correct description of such content is not reflected in the auction catalogue (taking account of any additions), and if this circumstance significantly impairs the value of the item in comparison to an item corresponding to the catalogue description. An item shall not be deemed to have been forged if it is merely damaged and/or has been subjected to restoration work and/or modifications of any nature whatsoever.

3.2 A rescission in accordance with the above provision shall not take place at the discretion of Koller if:
i. the description of the item in the auction catalogue was supported by the view of a specialist or by the prevailing view of specialists, or if the description in the auction catalogue suggested that differences of opinion exist in this respect;
ii. the forgery was not identifiable as such at the time of the successful bid in accordance with the current state of research and with the generally acknowledged and usual methods, or only with disproportionate effort;
iii. the forgery (based on Koller's conscientious assessment) was produced before 1880; or
iv. the purchased item is a painting, watercolour, drawing or sculpture which according to the details set out in the auction catalogue was created prior to 1880.

3.3 The Purchaser may request rescission from Koller (as the agent of the Seller) from the day of the successful bid for a period of two (2) years (three (3) weeks for jewellery). It shall be granted exclusively to the Purchaser and may not be assigned to any third party. Assertion of the claim shall be conditional upon the Purchaser making a complaint to Koller by registered letter immediately after the discovery of the defect, and returning the purchased item to Koller in the same condition as it was handed over to him and unencumbered by third parties› claims. The Purchaser must provide proof that the item is a forgery. Koller may demand that the Purchaser obtains at his own expense expert opinions from two independent individuals who are recognised experts in the field. However, Koller shall not be bound by any such expert opinion, and reserves the right to obtain additional expert advice at its own expense.

3.4 Koller may at its complete discretion waive the assertion of grounds for exclusion pursuant to the above Section 3.2 or the fulfilment of preconditions pursuant to the above Section 3.3.

3.5 The claims of the Purchaser against Koller as the agent of the Seller under Section 3.1 are limited to the reimbursement of the purchase price and surcharge (incl. VAT) paid by the Purchaser. Further or other claims of the Purchaser are excluded under any legal title (including error according to art. 23 ff. CO) whatsoever.


4. Disclaimer
4.1 The items are auctioned in the condition existing at the time of the successful bid. The auctioned items are "used" objects and are therefore generally not in pristine condition.

4.2 Each item in the auction catalogue is listed with a description and an illustration. The information in the auction catalogue, as well as the condition reports issued by Koller, are intended to provide an overall impression and a non-binding assessment by Koller. The items are described to the best of our knowledge and belief. However, Koller cannot accept any liability for the details provided in the catalogue. The items may be inspected during the preview. The Purchaser is therefore invited to inspect an item prior to the auction and, possibly with the assistance of an independent specialist advisor, to form his own opinion of the concordance between the item and the catalogue description. Concerning the descriptions of the items, the German-language print edition of the catalogue (including any later amendments) shall be exclusively applicable. Koller reserves the right to call upon experts or specialists of its choice to give an opinion and to rely on that opinion. Koller cannot be held liable for the correctness of such opinions. Neither any such expert opinions or reports, nor the descriptions of items provided by Koller, nor other statements pertaining to an item (including statements pertaining to the value thereof) constitute explicit or implicit warranties.

4.3 Subject to Article 3 above, no guarantee or warranty whatsoever is given in respect to legal and material defects. The liabilities of the Seller vis-à-vis the Purchaser are limited to the same extent as the liabilities of Koller vis-à-vis the Purchaser.


5. Participation in the auction
5.1 Any party may participate in an auction as a bidder. However, Koller reserves the right at its complete discretion to prevent any person entering its premises or attending or participating in its auctions.

5.2 Bidders who are not personally known to Koller must register at least 48 hours before the auction, using the form provided for this purpose. The registration form must be signed, with legal effect, and a copy of the bidder's passport must be enclosed, as well as current, valid credit card information. In the event of payment default by the Purchaser, Koller shall be entitled to charge the Purchaser's credit card in accordance with the details provided on the registration form for the entire amount of the invoice, plus the credit card processing fees.

5.3 Koller may demand in advance from any bidder a certificate of creditworthiness issued by a bank approved by Koller.

5.4 In the case of bids for items with upper estimated values of more than CHF 30 000, Koller may demand that the bidder first remits 20% of the lower estimated value as security. Following the auction, Koller will offset this sum against its claims and the claims of the Seller, and will reimburse any possible surpluses to the Purchaser/bidder without delay.



6. Auction
6.1 Koller may initiate the auctioning of an item below the minimum selling price agreed upon with the Seller. A bid placed at an auction is a binding offer. The bidder shall remain bound by his bid until this is either outbid or rejected by Koller. Double bids shall immediately be called once again; in case of uncertainty, the auction management shall decide.

6.2 Koller may refuse a bid without providing justification if a Purchaser fails to fulfil the conditions for participation in an auction pursuant to the above Sections 5.2 to 5.4. Koller may also pass or withdraw auctioned items without a sale even if this is not apparent to the auction participants.

6.3 Koller reserves the right to combine, separate or omit numbered lots in the catalogue or to offer them out of sequence. Koller reserves the right to sell lots "conditionally" at its sole discretion, in which event the hammer price will be considered as conditional and the highest bidder will remain bound by his bid for 14 days following the auction. The highest bidder will be released from all obligations if he does not receive a statement from Koller within this period declaring the hammer price as final.

6.4 Written bids from potential Purchasers who cannot attend the auction in person are accepted up to 48 hours before the auction begins.

6.5 Potential Purchasers may bid by telephone if they have given written notice at least 48 hours before the auction starts. Koller does not accept telephone bids for lots estimated under CHF 500, and bidders are requested to leave a written bid or participate in the salesroom for such items.

6.6 Potential Purchasers who intend to place their bids in the course of a Live Auction may participate in the auction once their registration applications have been approved by Koller. Koller reserves the right to decline registration applications at its discretion.

6.7 Koller shall not be liable for any bids including advance notifications of telephone bidding which are not taken into consideration. Telephone bidders and persons giving written instructions are also subject to the provisions of Article 5 relating to proof of identity and financial soundness.


7. Transfer of title
Ownership of an auctioned item shall be transferred to the Purchaser as soon as the purchase price and the surcharge (incl. VAT) have been comprehensively paid and Koller has attributed these payments to the corresponding item.


8. Collection of the auctioned items
8.1 The auctioned items must be collected at the Purchaser›s own expense within 7 days from the end of the auction during official opening hours. The place of performance for the purchase contract between the Purchaser and the Seller is therefore the registered office of Koller. If time permits, the items may be handed over after each auction session. The handover shall take place following comprehensive payment of the purchase price as well as the surcharge (incl. VAT) and the attribution of this sum to the auctioned item by Koller.

8.2 During the aforementioned period, Koller shall be liable for loss, theft, damage or destruction of items which have been auctioned and paid for, although solely due to intentional or grossly negligent acts on the part of Koller, and only up to the total of the auction price, surcharge and VAT. Koller ceases to have liability after the aforementioned period, and the Purchaser shall be responsible for ensuring adequate insurance cover for the auctioned item. No liability can be assumed for frames and glass. If the auctioned items are not collected within 7 days, Koller will store the works at a company of their choice at the purchaser's own risk and expense or on their own premises at a daily rate of CHF 10 per object.

8.3 Shipping orders may be given to Koller in writing. All shipping costs shall be borne by the Purchaser. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, transport insurance shall be contracted for the sold items at the expense of the Purchaser. Glass-covered pictures and fragile items shall not be sent by Koller.


9. Payment for the auctioned items
9.1 The invoice for a successful bid for an auctioned item is payable within 7 days from the end of the auction. Payments by credit card are only possible with the approval of Koller's accounting department, and are subject to processing fees amounting to between 2 and 4% of the invoiced amount, payable by the purchaser and added to the invoice total.

9.2 Irrespective of the Purchaser's instructions, Koller may use any payments by the Purchaser as settlement for any debt owed by the Purchaser to Koller or the Seller and set off any debt which it owes to the Purchaser against its own claims. If the Purchaser defaults on a payment, default interest of 10% p.a. shall be charged on top of the invoiced sum. If Koller does not receive payment for purchases within seven (7) days following the auction, Koller reserves the right to charge the Purchaser's credit card for the full amount of the invoice, without further notification to the Purchaser. In such cases the credit card processing fees of 2-4% as described above are also applicable, and will be charged to the Purchaser's credit card.

9.3 If the Purchaser does not pay or does not pay promptly, Koller may moreover in its own name and in the Seller›s name either (i) insist on the fulfilment of the purchase agreement or (ii) without further notice withdraw from the purchase agreement and waive the subsequent performance of the Purchaser or assert a claim for compensation for non-performance; in the latter case Koller shall also be entitled, irrespective of any minimum sales price, to sell the item either directly or in an auction, and may use the proceeds to reduce the debts of the Purchaser. Any amount realised above the original hammer price shall be paid out to the Seller. The Purchaser is liable to Koller and the Seller for all prejudice caused by non-payment or late payment.

9.4 Koller retains a right of retention and a lien on all the Purchaser›s items in its custody until full payment of all monies owed. Koller may exercise such liens in accordance with the legislation on the enforcement of debts or by private sale (including in its own name). The plea of prior lien exploitation pursuant to Art. 41 of the Swiss Debt Collection and Bankruptcy Act is excluded.

10. Representation
Each Purchaser shall be personally liable for each bid he places, and for the purchase contract between the Purchaser and the Seller. Proof of the power of representation may be requested from persons bidding as agents for a third party or as an organ of a corporate body. The agent shall be jointly and severally liable with his principal for the fulfilment of all obligations.


11. Miscellaneous provisions
11.1 The auction shall be attended by an official from the city of Zurich. The attending official, the local authority and the state have no liability for the acts of Koller.

11.2 Koller reserves the right to transfer any or all rights and obligations from these Auction Conditions to a third party or to have these carried out by a third party. The bidder and/or Purchaser does not have the right to transfer any rights from these Auction Conditions to a third party.

11.3 Koller reserves the right to publish illustrations and photographs of sold items in its own publications and the media and to publicise its services therewith.
11.4 The aforementioned provisions form part of each individual purchase agreement concluded at the auction. Amendments are binding only with Koller›s written agreement.

11.5 Should certain provisions of these Auction Conditions be or become partially or fully invalid and/or unenforceable, this does not affect the validity of the remaining provisions. The invalid and/or unenforceable provisions shall be replaced by those which most closely approximate the economic meaning and intended economic purpose of said provisions. The same shall be applicable to any possible gaps or loopholes in the provisions.

11.6 The present Auction Conditions and all amendments thereof are governed by Swiss law, under exclusion of possible references to Switzerland's Federal Code on Private International Law (CPIL), and under exclusion of the Vienna C.I.S.G. Convention (UN Convention).

11.7 The courts of the Canton of Zurich shall be exclusively responsible for settling disputes (including the assertion of offsetting and counterclaims) which arise out of or in conjunction with these Auction Conditions (including their validity, legal effect, interpretation or fulfilment). Koller may, however, initiate legal proceedings before any other competent court.

11.8 In the event of any discrepancy between the different language versions of these Auction Conditions, the German language version shall prevail.

Zurich, 1 July 2018

TERMS OF SALE

Your Bid is a binding and legally enforcable contract.

Payment

Payment is due upon the close of the auction.

Shipping Terms

Koller will assist in arranging shipping. All costs associated are the responsibility of the buyer.

Buyer's Premium

2. Surcharge

2.1 In addition to the bid price, the Purchaser must pay a surcharge on such bid price calculated as follows:

(i) on a successful bid of up to CHF 10 000: 25 %

(ii) on a successful bid over CHF 10 000 up to CHF 400 000:
25 % on the first CHF 10 000 and 22 % on the difference between CHF 10 000 and the bid.

(iii) on a successful bid over CHF 400 000:
25 % on the first CHF 10 000, 22 % on CHF 390 000 and 15 % on the difference between CHF 400 000 and the bid.

2.2 If the winning bid is placed in the course of an internet live online auction ("Live auctions"), there will be an additional 3% added to the surcharge.

2.3 The Purchaser must pay Swiss value added tax ("VAT") on the surcharge. The stated percentage of the surcharge relates to the successful bid for each individual item.

2.4 The full tax is charged on all items marked * in the auction catalogue, i.e. VAT is charged on the sum of the bid price plus the surcharge for those items. The VAT will be refunded to Purchasers providing a validly stamped export declaration.

2.5 The Purchaser agrees that Koller also receives a commission from the Seller.

Condition Reports

3.1 The items are auctioned in the condition existing at the time of the successful bid.

3.2 The items are described to the best of our knowledge and belief. However, Koller cannot accept any liability for the details provided in the catalogue. The items can be inspected during the preview. The Purchaser is therefore invited to inspect an item prior to the auction and, possibly with the support of an independent specialist advisor, to form its own opinion of the correspondence between the lot and the catalogue description. For the specifications of the items the print edition of the catalogue in the German language (including any later amendments) shall be exclusively applicable. Koller reserves the right to call in experts or specialists of its choice to give an opinion and to rely upon that opinion. Koller cannot be held liable for the correctness of such opinions. Neither any such expert opinions or reports, nor the descriptions of items provided by Koller or other statements pertaining to an item (including statements pertaining to the value thereof) constitute explicit or implicit warranties.

3.3 Subject to Clause 4 below, no guarantee or warranty whatsoever is given in respect of legal and material defects. The liabilities of the Seller vis-à-vis the Purchaser are limited to the same extent as the liabilities of Koller vis-à-vis the Purchaser.