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Lot 31: L’EMPEREUR COMMODE EN GLADIATEUR

Est: €70,000 EUR - €100,000 EURSold:
Marc Arthur Kohn ParisParis, FranceMay 11, 2016

Item Overview

Description

Par Stefano MADERNO (Rome ?, 1570- Rome, 1636)
Rome, vers 1625
Matériau
Marbre de Carrare

Dimensions

H. 98 cm, L. 32 cm, P. 52 cm

Artist or Maker

Notes

Cette œuvre en marbre blanc est tirée de la célèbre sculpture antique d’époque impériale romaine de dimension colossale (287 cm de haute) découverte à Rome dans le frigidarium des thermes de Caracalla et aujourd’hui conservée au Musée archéologique national de Naples.
À l’époque de Stefano Maderno, cette sculpture se trouvait dans la Cour du Palais Farnèse, lieu alors très fréquenté par des sculpteurs en quête de références antiques. Lors de sa découverte, les érudits de la seconde moitié du XVIe siècle s’entendirent pour déclarer que la sculpture romaine représentait un gladiateur. Présentant des manques importants au niveau de la tête, les Farnèse la firent restaurer sous les traits de l’Empereur Commode, passionné de combats, qui se prenant pour Hercule, participa régulièrement et activement aux jeux du cirque. De fait, les inventaires du palais Farnèse au XVIe siècle citent le groupe comme « Commodo in fogia di gladiatore ».
Stefano Maderno a réalisé à partir de ce groupe antique une petite terre cuite (20 cm de haut) d’une grande sensibilité, aujourd’hui conservée à la Ca’ d’Oro de Venise et qui eut un rôle important dans la propagation du thème à la période néoclassique auprès notamment d’Antonio Canova avec son Hercule et Lichas , de John Flaxman avec La Folie d’Athamas ou de Clodion avec Le Déluge.
Notre marbre, présentant ici l’Empereur Commode seul, est directement tiré de cette terre cuite et fut probablement une commande auprès du sculpteur d’un riche amateur romain dans une optique de sculpture de galerie, compte tenu de sa dimension. Bien que le sujet ait été modifié par rapport à la terre cuite, nous sommes bien en présence d’une oeuvre de Maderno et non d’une traduction tardive. En effet, le style correspond en tous points avec ses autres sculptures réalisées en marbre, notamment Sainte Cécile, dans le traitement de la draperie, des anatomies et de la chevelure. Iconographiquement, notre marbre suit fidèlement la représentation antique. À noter que l’auteur ne présente pas la figure compliquée de l’enfant. Il en résulte le geste bizarre du gladiateur, qui fonctionne parfaitement du point de vue principal (celui consacré par les gravures d’après l’original antique), mais qui est incongru quand on tourne autour de la sculpture: il semble que ce féroce guerrier se touche les lèvres en signe de perplexité ou qu’il soit assailli par un doute soudain; il n’y a pas ici d’intention iconographique, juste la nécessité technique pour le sculpteur de relier statiquement le bras, avec un pont, à la figure.
Cette prise de liberté semble inimaginable pour un artiste de cette envergure et
pourtant la qualité de la sculpture atteste que nous n’avons pas affaire à un maître
secondaire. L’explication est donc à chercher dans les limites de Stefano Maderno,
comme l’a écrit Claude Douglas Dickerson, « in effect, Maderno let the marble
dictate his sculpture, indicating that he possessed neither the imagination, nor the
technical means to make the marble submit to his artistic will. He was no Bernini »
(Bernini and Before : Modeled Sculpture in Rome, ca. 1600-1625, Institute of Fine
Arts, New York 2006, p. 298, 299).
Maderno, au style discret et délicat, fut éclipsé par le génie de Gian Lorenzo
Bernini (1598-1680). Peut-être a-t ’il cherché à rivaliser avec le David que
le Bernin sculpta entre 1623 et 1624 en se risquant à isoler la figure de Commode en marbre, ce qui a engendré de tels surprenants résultats.
Toujours est-il que cette oeuvre est d’une grande rareté et d’une qualité de sculpture exceptionnelle, oscillant entre l’imitation de l’antique et l’apparition du nouveau language baroque.

Payment & Shipping

Payment

Accepted forms of payment: MasterCard, Visa

Shipping

COLLECTION OF PURCHASES
If payment is made by cheque or by wire transfer, lots cannot be withdrawn until the payment has been cleared. From the moment the hammer falls, sold items will become the exclusive responsibility of the buyer. The buyer will be solely responsible for the insurance. Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL assumes no liability for any damage to items. Buyers at Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL are requested to confirm with Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL before withdrawing their purchases. Kohn has several storage warehouses. An export licence can take four or six weeks to process, although this time may be significantly reduced depending upon how promptly the buyer supplies the necessary information to Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL.
Law and jurisdiction :
These Conditions of purchase are governed by french law exclusively.
Any dispute shall be submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Courts of Paris.

Auction Details

Vente de Prestige

by
Marc Arthur Kohn Paris
May 11, 2016, 02:00 PM CET

24 avenue Matignon, Paris, 75008, FR

Terms

Live bidding may start higher or lower

Buyer's Premium

€0 - 499,999:25.2%
€500,000+:19.0%

Bidding Increments

From:To:Increment:
€0€99€10
€100€499€50
€500€999€100
€1,000€3,999€200
€4,000€19,999€500
€20,000€49,999€1,000
€50,000+€5,000

TERMS OF SALE AND BIDS

TERMS OF SALE AND BIDS
The sale will be conducted in Euros (€).
Purchasers pay in addition to the hammer price, a buyer's premium from 0 to € 500 000: 25,20% (21 % + VAT).
For amounts superior to € 500 000: 19% (15,83% + VAT).
Lots from outside the EEC: (indentified by an*). In addition to the commissions and taxes indicated above, an additional import VAT will be charged (7% of the hammer price, 20% for jewelry).
For any member of the EEC, non assembled stones are liable to VAT 20%.
The auctioneer is bound by the indications in the catalogue, modified only by eventual announcements made at the time of the sale noted into the legal records thereof. Prospective bidders should inspect the property before bidding to determine its condition, size, and wether or not it has been repaired, restored or repainted. Exhibitions prior to the sale at Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL or on the sale point permits buyers to establish the condition of the works offered for sale, and therefore no claims will be accepted after the fall of the hammer. Pictures may differ from actual product.

BIDS
Biddings will be in accordance with the lot numbers listed in the catalogue or as announced by the auctioneer, and will be in increments determined by the auctioneer. The highest and last bidder will be the purchaser. Should the auctioneer recognize two simultaneous bids on an object, the lot will be put up for sale again and all those present in the sale room may participate in this second opportunity to bid.

ABSENTEE BIDS AND TELEPHONE BIDS
If you wish to make a bid in writing or a telephone bid, we have to receive no later than two days before the sale your instructions accompanied by your bank references. In the event of identical bids, the earliest will take precedence. Telephone bids are a free service designed for clients unable to be present at an auction. Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL cannot be held responsible for any problems due to technical difficulties.

COLLECTION OF PURCHASES
If payment is made by cheque or by wire transfer, lots cannot be withdrawn until the payment has been cleared. From the moment the hammer falls, sold items will become the exclusive responsibility of the buyer. The buyer will be solely responsible for the insurance. Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL assumes no liability for any damage to items. Buyers at Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL are requested to confirm with Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL before withdrawing their purchases. Kohn has several storage warehouses. An export licence can take four or six weeks to process, although this time may be significantly reduced depending upon how promptly the buyer supplies the necessary information to Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL.
Law and jurisdiction :
These Conditions of purchase are governed by french law exclusively.
Any dispute shall be submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Courts of Paris.
For variety of reasons Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL reserves the right to record all telephone calls during the auction. Such records shall be kept until complete payement of the auction price, except claims.

Toutes les conversations téléphoniques sont susceptibles d'être enregistrées.

Premium

There is no additional internet fee.
The internet users are paying same Premium as in the auction room

The sale will be conducted in Euros (€).
Purchasers pay in addition to the hammer price, a buyer's premium from 0 to € 500 000: 25,20% (21 % + VAT).
For amounts superior to € 500 000: 19% (15,83% + VAT).
Lots from outside the EEC: (indentified by an*). In addition to the commissions and taxes indicated above, an additional import VAT will be charged (7% of the hammer price, 20% for jewelry).
For any member of the EEC, non assembled stones are liable to VAT 20%.
The auctioneer is bound by the indications in the catalogue, modified only by eventual announcements made at the time of the sale noted into the legal records thereof. Prospective bidders should inspect the property before bidding to determine its condition, size, and wether or not it has been repaired, restored or repainted. Exhibitions prior to the sale at Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL or on the sale point permits buyers to establish the condition of the works offered for sale, and therefore no claims will be accepted after the fall of the hammer. Pictures may differ from actual product.

Shipping Terms

COLLECTION OF PURCHASES
If payment is made by cheque or by wire transfer, lots cannot be withdrawn until the payment has been cleared. From the moment the hammer falls, sold items will become the exclusive responsibility of the buyer. The buyer will be solely responsible for the insurance. Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL assumes no liability for any damage to items. Buyers at Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL are requested to confirm with Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL before withdrawing their purchases. Kohn has several storage warehouses. An export licence can take four or six weeks to process, although this time may be significantly reduced depending upon how promptly the buyer supplies the necessary information to Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL.
Law and jurisdiction :
These Conditions of purchase are governed by french law exclusively.
Any dispute shall be submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Courts of Paris.

Garanties

COLLECTION OF PURCHASES
If payment is made by cheque or by wire transfer, lots cannot be withdrawn until the payment has been cleared. From the moment the hammer falls, sold items will become the exclusive responsibility of the buyer. The buyer will be solely responsible for the insurance. Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL assumes no liability for any damage to items. Buyers at Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL are requested to confirm with Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL before withdrawing their purchases. Kohn has several storage warehouses. An export licence can take four or six weeks to process, although this time may be significantly reduced depending upon how promptly the buyer supplies the necessary information to Marc-Arthur KOHN SARL.
Law and jurisdiction :
These Conditions of purchase are governed by french law exclusively.
Any dispute shall be submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Courts of Paris.