Loading Spinner
Don’t miss out on items like this!

Sign up to get notified when similar items are available.

Lot 578: Francis Blower Gibbes (1815 - 1904) - Two Figures On A Country Road, Hunter Valley, N.S.W. 1879 31 x 49cm

Est: $1,000 AUD - $2,000 AUDPassed
LawsonsLeichhardt, AustraliaAugust 11, 2016

Item Overview

Description

Francis Blower Gibbes (1815 - 1904)
Two Figures On A Country Road, Hunter Valley, N.S.W. 1879
watercolour
31 x 49cm
signed & dated 1879 lower right, Riverhouse Galleries label on verso

Artist or Maker

Payment & Shipping

Payment

Accepted forms of payment: American Express, MasterCard, Visa

Shipping

Cambi Casa d'Aste Srl will be, hereinafter, referred to as 'Cambi'.
1
Sales will be awarded to the highest bidder and it is under- stood to be in 'cash'. Cambi acts as an agent on an exclusive basis in its name but on behalf of each seller, according to article 1704 of the Italian Civil Code. Sales shall be deemed concluded directly between the seller and the buyer; it follows that Cambi does not take any responsibility towards the buyer or other people, except for those concerning its agent activity. All responsibilities pursuant to the former articles 1476 and following of the Italian Civil Code continue to rest on the owners of each item.
The Auctioneer's hammer stroke defines the conclusion of the sales contract between the seller and the buyer.
2
The goods on sale are considered as second-hand goods, put up for sale as antiques. As a consequence, the definition given to the goods under clause 3 letter 'e' of Italian Consu- mer's Code (D. Lgs. 6.09.2005, n. 206) does not apply to them.
3
Before the beginning of the auction, an exposition of the items will take place, during which the Auctioneer and his repre- sentatives will be available for any clarifications. The purpose of this exposition is to allow a thorough evaluation of authenticity, attribution, condition, provenance, origin, date, age, type and quality of the lots to be auctioned and to clarify any possible typographical error or inaccuracy in the catalogue. If unable to take direct vision of the objects is possible to request condition reports (this service is only guaranteed for lots with estimate more than 500 euro).
The person interested in buying something, commits himself, before taking part to the action, to analyze it in depth, even with the help of his own expert or restorer, to be sure of all the above mentioned characteristics.
No claim will be accepted by Cambi after the sale, nor Cambi nor the seller will be held responsible for any defect concerning the information of the objects for sale.
4
The objects of the auction are sold in the conditions in which they are during the exposition, with all the possible defects and imperfections such as any cracks, restorations, omissions or substitutions. These characteristics, even if not expressly stated in the catalog, can not be considered determinants for disputes on the sale.
Antiques, for their own nature, can have been restored or modi- fied (for example over-painting): these interventions cannot be considered in any case hidden defects or fakes. As for mechanical or electrical goods, these are not verified before the selling and the purchaser buys them at his own risk. The movements of the clocks are to be considered as non verified.
5
The descriptions or illustrations of the goods included in the catalogues, leaflets and any other illustrative material, have a mere indicative character and reflect opinions, so they can be revised before the object is sold.
Cambi cannot be held responsible for mistakes or omissions concerning these descriptions nor in the case of hypothetical fakes as there is no implicit or explicit guarantee concerning the objects for sale.
Moreover, the illustrations of the objects in the catalogues or other illustrative material have the sole aim of identifying the object and cannot be considered as precise representations of the state of preservation of the object.
6
For ancient and 19th century paintings, Cambi guarantees only the period and the school in which the attributed artist lived and worked. Modern and Contemporary Art works are usually accompanied by certificates of authenticity and other documents indicated in the appropriate catalogue entries. No other certificate, appraisal or opinion requested or presented after the sale will be considered as valid grounds for objections regarding the authenticity of any works.
7
All information regarding hallmarks of metals, carats and weight of gold, diamonds and precious colored gems have to be considered purely indicative and approximate and Cambi can- not be held responsible for possible mistakes in those information nor for the falsification of precious items. Cambi does not guarantee certificates possibly annexed to precious items carried out by independent gemological laboratories, even if refe- rences to the results of these tests may be cited as information for possible buyers.
8
As for books auctions, the buyer is not be entitled to dispute any damage to bindings, foxing, wormholes, trimmed pages or plates or any other defect not affecting the integrity of the text and/or the illustrations, nor can he dispute missing indices of plates, blank pages, insertions, supplements and additions subsequent to the date of publication of the work.
The abbreviation O.N.C. indicates that the work has not been collated and, therefore, its completeness is not guaranteed.
9
Any dispute regarding the hammered objects will be decided upon between experts of Cambi and a qualified expert appointed by the party involved and must be submitted by registered return mail within fifteen days of the stroke and Cambi will decline any responsibility after this period.
A complaint that is deemed legitimate will lead simply to a refund of the amount paid, only upon the return of the item, excluding any other pretence and or expectation. If, within three months from the discovery of the defect but no later than five years from the date of the sale, the buyer has notified Cambi in writing that he has grounds for believing that the lot concerned is a fake, and only if the buyer is able to return such item free from third party rights and provided that it is in the same conditions as it was at the time of the sale, Cambi shall be entitled, in its sole discretion, to cancel the sale and disclose to the buyer the name of the seller, giving prior notice to him. Making an exception to the conditions above mentioned, Cambi will not refund the buyer if the description of the object in the catalogue was in accordance with the opinion generally accepted by scholars and experts at the time of the sale or indicated as controversial the authenticity or the attribution of the lot, and if, at the time of the lot publication, the forgery could have been recognized only with too complicated or too expensive exams, or with analysis that could have damaged the object or reduced its value.
10
The Auctioneer may accept commission bids for objects at a determined price on a mandate from clients who are not present and may formulate bids for third parties. Telephone bids may or may not be accepted according to irrevocable judgment of Cambi and transmitted to the Auctioneer at the bidder's risk. These phone bids could be registered.
11
The objects are knocked down by the Auctioneer to the highest bidder and if any dispute arises between two or more bidders, the disputed object may immediately put up for sale again starting from the last registered bid.
During the auction, the Auctioneer at his own discretion is entitled to: withdraw any lot, make bids to reach the reserve price, as agreed between Cambi and the seller, and take any action he deems suitable to the circumstances, as joining or separating lots or changing the order of sale.
12
Clients who intend to offer bids during the auction must request a "personal number" from the staff of Cambi and this number will be given to the client upon presentation of IDs, current address and, possibly, bank references or equivalent guarantees for the payment of the hammered price plus commission and/or expenses. Buyers who might not have provided ID and current address earlier must do so immediately after a knock down.
Cambi reserves the right to deny anyone, at its own discretion, the entrance in its own building and the participation to the auction, and to reject offers from unknown or unwelcome bidders, unless a deposit covering the entire value of the desired lot is raised or in any case an adequate guarantee is supplied.
After the late or nonpayment from a purchaser, Cambi will have the right to refuse any other offer from this person or his repre- sentative during the following auctions.
13
The commissions due to Cambi by the buyer are 27% of the hammer price of each lot up to an amount of ' 400.000 and 24% on any amount in excess of this sum, including VAT. Any other taxes or charges are at the buyer's expenses.
14
The buyer must make a down payment after the sale and settle the residual balance before collecting the goods at his or her risk and expense not later than ten days after the knock down. In case of total or partial nonpayment of the due amount within this deadline, Cambi can:
a) return the good to the seller and demand from the buyer the payment of the lost commission; b) act in order to obtain enforcement of compulsory payment; c) sell the object privately or during the following auction in the name and at the expenses of the highest bidder according to article 1515 of the Italian Civil Code, with the right of the compensation for damages.
After the above mentioned period, Cambi will not be held responsible towards the buyer for any deterioration and/or damage of the object(s) in question and it will have the right to apply, to each object, storage and transportation fees to and from the warehouse according to tariffs available on request. All and any risks to the goods for damage and/or loss are transfer- red to the buyer upon knock down and the buyer may have the goods only upon payment, to Cambi, of the Knock down commissions and any other taxes including fees concerning the packing, handling, transport and/or storage of the objects involved.
15
For objects subjected to notification from the State, in accordance to the D.Lgs. 22.01.2004 n. 42 (c.d. Codice dei Beni Culturali) and following changes, buyers are beholden by law to observe all existing legislative dispositions on the matter and, in case the State exercises its pre-emptive right, cannot expect from Cambi or the vendor any re-imbursement or eventual interest on commission on the knock down price already paid. The export of lots by the buyers, both resident and not resident in Italy, is regulated by the above mentioned law and the other custom, financial and tax rules in force. Export of objects more than 50 years old is subject to the release of an export license from the competent Authority. Cambi does not take any responsibility towards the purchaser as for any possible export restriction of the objects knocked down, nor concerning any possible license or certificate to be obtained according to the Italian law.

16
For all object including materials belonging to protected species as, for example, coral, ivory, turtle, crocodile, whale bones, rhinoceros horns and so on, it is necessary to obtain a CITES export license released by the Ministry for the Environment and the Safeguard of the Territory. Possible buyers are asked to get all the necessary information concerning the laws on these exports in the Countries of de- stination.
17
The 'Droit de Suite' will be paid by the seller (Italian State Law n. 663, clause 152, April 22, 1941, replaced by Decree n. 118, clause 10, February13, 2006).
18
All the valuations indicated in the catalogue are expressed in Euros and represent a mere indication. These values can be equal, superior or inferior to the reserve price of the lots agreed with the sellers.
19
These Sales Conditions, regulated by the Italian law, are silently accepted by all people talking part in the auction and are at everyone's disposal. All controversies concerning the sales activity at Cambi are regulated by the Court of Genoa.
20
According to article 13 D.Lgs. 196/2003 (Privacy Code), Cambi informs that the data received will be used to carry out the sales contracts and all other services concerning the social object of Cambi S.a.s.. The attribution of the data is optional but it is fundamental to close the contract. The registration at the auctions gives Cambi the chance to send the catalogues of the following auctions and any other information concerning its ac- tivities.
21
Any communication regarding the auction must be done by registered return mail addressed to:
Cambi Casa d'Aste
Castello Mackenzie - Mura di S. Bartolomeo 16
16122 Genova - Italy

Auction Details

Fine Art

by
Lawsons
August 11, 2016, 02:30 PM AEST

8-16 Moore Street, Leichhardt, NSW, 2040, AU

Terms

Buyer's Premium

28.0%

Bidding Increments

From:To:Increment:
$0$49$5
$50$199$10
$200$299$20
$300$499$25
$500$999$50
$1,000$1,999$100
$2,000$2,999$200
$3,000$4,999$250
$5,000$9,999$500
$10,000$49,999$1,000
$50,000$99,999$5,000
$100,000+$10,000

Terms and Conditions

1. Auctioneer is Agent for Vendor

Lawsons is agent for the Vendor and is not responsible for any default by the Vendor or the Buyer.
2. Highest Bidder

Subject to any reserve price, the highest bidder shall be the Buyer and a dispute shall be settled by the Auctioneer who may at any time at his absolute discretion and regardless of the fall of the hammer re-open the bidding or withdraw the Lot from sale. The decision of the Auctioneer shall be final.

3. Regulation of Bidding
The Auctioneer has the right in his absolute discretion to refuse any bid and to advance and regulate the bidding as he decides and any bid acknowledged and relied upon by the Auctioneer may not be with drawn.

4. Rights of Auctioneer and Vendor
The Auctioneer and the Vendor reserve the following rights which may be exercised by the Auctioneer without giving any reason therefore:

(a) not to offer for sale any Lot described in the catalogue; (b) to offer for sale part only of any Lot described in the catalogue;

(c) to offer (2) or more of the Lots described in the catalogue as separate Lots or together as one Lot;

(d) should such Lots referred to in (c) of this Condition not be knocked down under the hammer to a successful bidder, to offer them as separate Lots;

(e) to keep secret the existence and amount of the reserve price (if any) of a Lot;

(f) in the event that any Buyer shall successfully bid for more than one Lot at the auction -

(1) to appropriate any moneys received from that Buyer in satisfaction or partial satisfaction of the Purchase Price due in respect of any one or more of such Lots to the total or partial exclusion of amounts due in respect of any other such Lot or Lots as the Auctioneer shall see fit; and

(2) to elect at any time to treat each Contract for the sale of each such Lots as interdependent with each other such Contract or Contracts and default under any such Contract shall be treated as default under all such Contracts;
(g) to bid on behalf of the Vendor or any prospective Buyer with or without disclosure;

(h) in the event that any Lot is not sold at the auction to offer to sell same thereafter by private treaty but otherwise subject to these Conditions; and

(i) to refuse any person or persons admission to, or eject them from, the auction site.

5. Buyer Bids as Principal

Every Buyer shall be deemed to bid as principal unless prior to the auction he discloses to Lawsons that he will be bidding on behalf of a principal and supplies the full name and address of his principal and a copy of a written authority to bid for and on behalf of that principal and such authority is satisfactory to Lawsons.

6. Buyers Registration Form

Every bidder shall complete and sign a Buyers Registration Form. Proof of identity acceptable to Lawsons may be required prior to entry to the auction premises.

7. Buyers Premium
The Buyer may be required to pay to Lawsons a Buyers Premium based on a percentage of the Hammer Price. The terms of that premium will be published prior to the auction. The Buyer acknowledges that Lawsons may also receive commission from the Vendor.

8. G.S.T
"G.S.T" means the goods and services tax imposed by the A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) Act 1999 (Com) (as amended)
(a) Lawsons will sell the Property to be auctioned on a G.S.T exclusive basis. The hammer price will therefore be exclusive of any G.S.T payable. Lawsons will invoice the Purchaser for the hammer price, buyer's premium and the applicable G.S.T. Lawsons will account to the Vendor for any G.S.T payable on the hammer price actually recovered form the Purchaser. The Vendor will be responsible to pay the G.S.T to the Australian Tax Office.

(b) The purchaser must carefully assess whether input tax credits for any G.S.T paid in addition to the hammer price will be available. We recommend you contact your accountant or lawyer on this question.

(c) Lawsons will mark its sale catalogue with a diamond "?" against each lot declared to be subject to G.S.T on sale. The Purchaser shall be responsible to pay G.S.T on the hammer price for lots marked with a diamond as a "taxable supply".

(d) Lawsons will provide the Purchaser with a valid 'tax invoice' if G.S.T is assessable on the sale.

(e) Any overseas buyer eligible for exemption form G.S.T must provide satisfactory proof to Lawsons that the property has or will leave the country as an export within 60 days of its purchase.

(f) No exemption of G.S.T will apply to a buyer's premium. G.S.T will be charged by Lawsons to the purchaser on the buyer's premium.

9. Statements made by Auctioneer at Rostrum
All conditions, notices, descriptions, statements and other matters in the catalogue and elsewhere concerning a Lot are subject to any statements modifying or affecting the same made by the Auctioneer from the rostrum prior to any bid being accepted for the Lot.

10. Catalogue Descriptions

(a) Any representation or statement by Lawsons in any catalogue, advertisement or brochure as to the authorship, origin, date, age, period, attribution, genuineness, provenance, condition, quality, or estimated selling price of any Lot is a statement of opinion only. Any illustrations in the catalogue are solely for the guidance of prospective Buyers and are not to be relied upon in terms of tone or colour or necessarily to reveal imperfections in any Lot;

(b) Many Lots are of an age or nature which precludes their being in pristine condition and some descriptions in the catalogue make reference to damage and/or restoration. Such information is given for guidance only and the absence of such a reference does not imply that a Lot is free from defects nor does any reference to particular defects imply the absence of others;

(c) Buyers must satisfy themselves as to all matters referred to in (a) and (b) above by inspection or otherwise prior to the date of the auction. The attention of Buyers is also drawn to the Explanation of Cataloguing Practice (if any) contained in the catalogue.

11. Exclusion of Warranties

(a) No error or misdescription or deficiency in quantity shall vitiate the sale and the Buyer shall be bound to take delivery of the Lot without any allowance or abatement in price.

(b) Any warranties which might otherwise be implied by the Sale of Goods Act 1923 are hereby excluded and shall not apply. All Lots are sold "as is" and Lawsons and the Vendor make no representations or warranties as to any Lot other than those implied by the Common Law or by statute, the exclusion of which would render this Condition void or voidable or which would constitute an offence by the Auctioneer or the Vendor.

(c) Intending bidders must satisfy themselves by inspection or otherwise as to the nature of the Lot and must accept same with all faults, patent or latent (if any).

(d) No warranty shall be implied from any affirmation made at the auction or otherwise but in all cases where an express warranty is intended, the same shall only be enforceable if reduced to writing and signed by the Vendor or by the Auctioneer as agent for the Vendor.

12. Guarantee

(a) If:
(1) within twenty-one (21) days of the date of the auction Lawsons receives notice writing from the Buyer of any Lot that in his view the Lot is a Forgery, and

(2) within fourteen (14) days of such notice, the Buyer returns the Lot to Lawsons in the same condition as at the date of the auction, and

(3) within a reasonable time thereafter, the Buyer satisfies Lawsons that the Lot is a Forgery and that the Buyer is able to give a good and marketable title of the Lot free of any liens or encumbrances, then Lawsons will set aside the sale and refund to the Buyer any amount paid for the Lot.

(b) Provided that the Buyer shall have no rights under this Condition if:

(1) he or she does not give the notice in writing within twenty-one (21) days as specified in Clause 11(a) (1),
(2) the catalogue description at the date of the auction was in accordance with the then generally accepted opinions of scholars or experts or fairly indicated that there was a conflict of such opinion, or

(3) it can be established that the Lot is a Forgery only by means of a scientific process not generally accepted for use until after the date of the auction or by means of a process which as at that date was unreasonably expensive or impractical or likely to have caused damage to the Lot;

(c) The Buyer shall not be entitled to claim under this Condition for more than the amount paid by him for the Lot and in particular shall have no claims for any loss, consequential loss or damage, whether direct or indirect, suffered by him

(d) The benefit of this Condition shall not be assignable and shall rest solely and exclusively in the Buyer who shall be the person to whom the original invoice was made out by Lawsons in respect of the Lot when sold and who has since the auction retained uninterrupted and unencumbered ownership thereof.

(e) In the event of a dispute under this Condition then the matter shall be settled by arbitration, the Arbitrator to be nominated by the President of the Auctioneers and Valuers Association of Australia (Inc.). Both the Buyer and the Vendor agree to bebound by that decision.

13. Agreement for Sale and Payment of Purchase Price Upon the sale of a Lot, the Buyer shall:

(a) unless he has already done so, give to Lawsons his name and address, and, if so required by Lawsons, proof of his identity and details of his bank or other suitable references;

(b) sign the agreement for sale (if any);

(c) pay to Lawsons the Purchase Price within two (2) working days from the date of the auction unless such other terms or period have been specified or agreed to prior to the auction. Payment shall be made in Australian dollars either in cash, by bank cheque or by telegraphic transfer direct to Lawsons Trust Account. Personal cheques may be accepted at the discretion of Lawsons but, unless prior arrangements have been made, must be cleared before delivery of the Lot.

(d) The Auctioneer may at his discretion require immediate payment or part payment of the Purchase Price in cash or otherwise upon the fall of the hammer.

14. Responsibility for Purchased Lots A purchased Lot shall be at the Buyer's risk in all respects from the fall of the hammer whether or not payment has been made and neither Lawsons nor the Vendor shall thereafter be liable for any loss or damage of any kind, whether caused by negligence or otherwise, notwithstanding that any Lot is in or under Lawsons custody or control at the time of the occurrence of the loss or damage.

15. Collection of Purchases

(a) The property in a Lot shall not pass to the Buyer until the Purchase Price has been paid in full and until all cheques given on account of same have been cleared.

(b) No Lot may be taken away during the auction nor may any Lot be taken away until the Purchase Price has been paid in full.
(c) The Buyer shall remove at his expense any Lot purchased by him within two (2) working days from the date of the auction or such other time as may be specified or agreed to by Lawsons and in this regard time shall be of the essence.

(d) Any removal shall be at the risk of the Buyer and, in such removal, the Buyer shall do no damage or shall forthwith make good any damage which may be occasioned.

(e) Any Lot or part thereof which the Buyer does not remove may thereafter be removed by Lawsons or by some person firm or company engaged by Lawsons or the Vendor and/or stored at the place at which the auction took place or elsewhere. Such removal and/or storage (whether made for the safety of the goods or for the convenience of the Vendor or Lawsons or to enable resale of the Lot pursuant to Condition 15) shall be deemed to have been made by Lawsons at the request of the Buyer and all costs incurred by Lawsons or the Vendor in relation thereto shall be immediately payable by the Buyer to Lawsons who may sue for and recover the same as liquidated damages.
(f) Any packing and handling of purchased Lots by Lawsons is undertaken solely as a service to Buyers, and will only be undertaken at Lawsons discretion and at the Buyer's risk. Lawsons shall not be liable in any event for any damage to glass or frames, irrespective of cause. Lawsons shall not be liable for any errors or omissions or damage caused by packers and shippers that Lawsons has recommended to Buyers.

(g) No Buyer shall resell or otherwise deal with any Lot or part thereof within the auction premises.

16. Remedies for non-payment or failure to collect purchases

(a) If a Buyer fails either to pay for or to take away any purchased Lot within two (2) working days of the auction or such other period as is specified at the auction or subsequently agreed to or any cheque given on account of the Purchase Price is dishonoured, Lawsons shall, without further notice to the Buyer and in its absolute discretion and without prejudice to any other rights or remedies it may have, and without being bound to give any notice, be entitled to exercise one or more of the following rights or remedies:

(1) to absolutely forfeit any moneys which the Buyer may have paid;

(2) to issue proceedings against the Buyer for damages for breach of contract;

(3) to rescind the sale of that or any other Lot sold to the Buyer at the same or at any other auction;

(4) to resell the Lot or cause it to be resold by auction or private sale. Any deficiency in the Purchase Price resulting from such resale (after giving credit for any payment made) together with the full costs incurred in connection with the resale (including commission and Expenses) shall be payable to Lawsons by the Buyer and any surplus (if any) over the Proceeds of Sale of the initial sale shall belong to Lawsons;

(5) to store the Lot or cause it to be stored whether in its own premises or elsewhere at the sole expense and risk of the Buyer, and to release the Lot only after payment in full of the Purchase Price together with Expenses accrued and all other costs incurred in connection with the Lot;

(6) to charge interest on the Purchase Price and Expenses at 18% calculated on a daily basis to the extent that they remain unpaid in part or in full for more than two (2) days from the date of the auction;

(7) to retain the Lot or any other Lot sold to the Buyer at the same or any other auction and release the same only after payment of the Purchase Price and accrued Expenses;

(8) to apply any moneys at any time due and/or any Proceeds of Sale of any Lot then due or at any time thereafter becoming due to the Buyer by Lawsons or the Vendor towards settlement of the Purchase Price and Expenses;
(9) to exercise a lien on any property of the buyer which is in Lawsons possession for any purpose;

(10) to apply any payments by the Buyer to Lawsons or any credits due by Lawsons to the Buyer towards any sums owing from the Buyer to Lawsons or to any associated company of Lawsons without regard to any directions of the Buyer or his agent, whether express or implied.

(b) Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Lawsons shall be entitled to recover from the Buyer:

(1) the amount of any Vendors commission and Buyers Premium upon the purchase which the Buyer did not
complete, as determined in accordance with the Published Rates.

(2) such sum for Expenses incurred by the Auctioneer in connection with or incidental to the auction or the resale, and

(3) where applicable, any GST, or any other tax or charge relating to or arising from the sale of the Lot.

(c) Should the same Buyer purchase more than one Lot at the same sale, then Lawsons may at any time elect to treat each contract as interdependent with the others and default under any one contract shall constitute default under any or all of the others.

17. Auctioneer not Liable for Damage Loss or Injury

All persons attending an auction do so at their own risk and the auctioneer shall not be liable for any damage, loss or injury to person or property suffered for any cause whatsoever at any auction except insofar as the damage, loss or injury is caused by the direct negligence of Lawsons.

18. Law of these Conditions

These Conditions of Business shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of the State in which the sale has been conducted and all parties concerned hereby submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of that State's Courts.

19. Sale by Private Treaty

Where applicable these Conditions shall apply where relevant to either a sale by auction or by private treaty.

20. Notices
Any notice given hereunder shall be in writing and if given by post shall be deemed to have been duly received by the addressee in the ordinary course of post.

21. Export Licence
Any application for an export licence by the buyer pursuant to any of the following:

1. The Movable Cultural Heritage Act (1985); and

2. The Wildlife Protection (Regulations of Exports and Imports) Act 1982; and

3. Any other legislation or regulations that may prohibit the movement of or export of a lot from State to State or Territory and/or out of the Commonwealth of Australia shall not affect the obligations of the buyer to make payment to Lawsons Pty Ltd within the time stipulated by these conditions. Unless there is an express written agreement by Lawsons Pty Ltd to make an application for an export licence on his or her behalf, then all disbursements and out of pocket expenses that relate to such as application shall be to the buyer's account.

INTERPRETATION CLAUSE

In these Conditions of Business the following words and expressions shall have the following meanings:

Auctioneer

Lawson Menzies Pty. Ltd ABN 36097588 899, its servants and agents except that where the context so permits it shall include the person actually conducting the auction sale on behalf of Lawson Menzies. Limited. "Forgery" A Lot made or substantially made with an intention to deceive as to authorship, origin, date, age, period, culture or source which is not shown to be such in the description in the catalogue and which at the date of the auction had a value materially less that it would have had if it had been in accordance with the description. "Hammer Price" The price at which a Lot is knocked down to the Buyer.
Lawsons

Lawson Menzies Pty. Ltd ABN 36097588 899 trading as Lawsons and its employees and agents. Lot Any item deposited with Lawsons, whether on its premises or elsewhere, with a view to its sale by auction and, in particular, the item or items described against any Lot number in any catalogue. This phrase also includes the word "goods".

Purchase Price

The Hammer Price together with any sales tax if relevant, any Buyers Premium, Expenses and additional charges due from a defaulting Buyer under Condition 15.
Reserve Price

The value which is agreed to by Lawsons and the Vendor in writing as the minimum price for which a Lot will be sold. Vendor Includes each and every one of the owners of a Lot and the person or company instructing the Auctioneer to offer that Lot for sale and where more than one jointly and severally.
Vendors Commission

The commission due to Lawsons from the Vendor on the sale or attempted sale of a Lot.

GST
Goods and Services Tax.

Words in these Conditions of Business importing the singular or plural number shall be deemed to include the plural or singular number respectively and words importing the masculine gender only shall include the feminine or neuter gender and vice versa as the case may require.

Shipping Terms

Cambi Casa d'Aste Srl will be, hereinafter, referred to as 'Cambi'.
1
Sales will be awarded to the highest bidder and it is under- stood to be in 'cash'. Cambi acts as an agent on an exclusive basis in its name but on behalf of each seller, according to article 1704 of the Italian Civil Code. Sales shall be deemed concluded directly between the seller and the buyer; it follows that Cambi does not take any responsibility towards the buyer or other people, except for those concerning its agent activity. All responsibilities pursuant to the former articles 1476 and following of the Italian Civil Code continue to rest on the owners of each item.
The Auctioneer's hammer stroke defines the conclusion of the sales contract between the seller and the buyer.
2
The goods on sale are considered as second-hand goods, put up for sale as antiques. As a consequence, the definition given to the goods under clause 3 letter 'e' of Italian Consu- mer's Code (D. Lgs. 6.09.2005, n. 206) does not apply to them.
3
Before the beginning of the auction, an exposition of the items will take place, during which the Auctioneer and his repre- sentatives will be available for any clarifications. The purpose of this exposition is to allow a thorough evaluation of authenticity, attribution, condition, provenance, origin, date, age, type and quality of the lots to be auctioned and to clarify any possible typographical error or inaccuracy in the catalogue. If unable to take direct vision of the objects is possible to request condition reports (this service is only guaranteed for lots with estimate more than 500 euro).
The person interested in buying something, commits himself, before taking part to the action, to analyze it in depth, even with the help of his own expert or restorer, to be sure of all the above mentioned characteristics.
No claim will be accepted by Cambi after the sale, nor Cambi nor the seller will be held responsible for any defect concerning the information of the objects for sale.
4
The objects of the auction are sold in the conditions in which they are during the exposition, with all the possible defects and imperfections such as any cracks, restorations, omissions or substitutions. These characteristics, even if not expressly stated in the catalog, can not be considered determinants for disputes on the sale.
Antiques, for their own nature, can have been restored or modi- fied (for example over-painting): these interventions cannot be considered in any case hidden defects or fakes. As for mechanical or electrical goods, these are not verified before the selling and the purchaser buys them at his own risk. The movements of the clocks are to be considered as non verified.
5
The descriptions or illustrations of the goods included in the catalogues, leaflets and any other illustrative material, have a mere indicative character and reflect opinions, so they can be revised before the object is sold.
Cambi cannot be held responsible for mistakes or omissions concerning these descriptions nor in the case of hypothetical fakes as there is no implicit or explicit guarantee concerning the objects for sale.
Moreover, the illustrations of the objects in the catalogues or other illustrative material have the sole aim of identifying the object and cannot be considered as precise representations of the state of preservation of the object.
6
For ancient and 19th century paintings, Cambi guarantees only the period and the school in which the attributed artist lived and worked. Modern and Contemporary Art works are usually accompanied by certificates of authenticity and other documents indicated in the appropriate catalogue entries. No other certificate, appraisal or opinion requested or presented after the sale will be considered as valid grounds for objections regarding the authenticity of any works.
7
All information regarding hallmarks of metals, carats and weight of gold, diamonds and precious colored gems have to be considered purely indicative and approximate and Cambi can- not be held responsible for possible mistakes in those information nor for the falsification of precious items. Cambi does not guarantee certificates possibly annexed to precious items carried out by independent gemological laboratories, even if refe- rences to the results of these tests may be cited as information for possible buyers.
8
As for books auctions, the buyer is not be entitled to dispute any damage to bindings, foxing, wormholes, trimmed pages or plates or any other defect not affecting the integrity of the text and/or the illustrations, nor can he dispute missing indices of plates, blank pages, insertions, supplements and additions subsequent to the date of publication of the work.
The abbreviation O.N.C. indicates that the work has not been collated and, therefore, its completeness is not guaranteed.
9
Any dispute regarding the hammered objects will be decided upon between experts of Cambi and a qualified expert appointed by the party involved and must be submitted by registered return mail within fifteen days of the stroke and Cambi will decline any responsibility after this period.
A complaint that is deemed legitimate will lead simply to a refund of the amount paid, only upon the return of the item, excluding any other pretence and or expectation. If, within three months from the discovery of the defect but no later than five years from the date of the sale, the buyer has notified Cambi in writing that he has grounds for believing that the lot concerned is a fake, and only if the buyer is able to return such item free from third party rights and provided that it is in the same conditions as it was at the time of the sale, Cambi shall be entitled, in its sole discretion, to cancel the sale and disclose to the buyer the name of the seller, giving prior notice to him. Making an exception to the conditions above mentioned, Cambi will not refund the buyer if the description of the object in the catalogue was in accordance with the opinion generally accepted by scholars and experts at the time of the sale or indicated as controversial the authenticity or the attribution of the lot, and if, at the time of the lot publication, the forgery could have been recognized only with too complicated or too expensive exams, or with analysis that could have damaged the object or reduced its value.
10
The Auctioneer may accept commission bids for objects at a determined price on a mandate from clients who are not present and may formulate bids for third parties. Telephone bids may or may not be accepted according to irrevocable judgment of Cambi and transmitted to the Auctioneer at the bidder's risk. These phone bids could be registered.
11
The objects are knocked down by the Auctioneer to the highest bidder and if any dispute arises between two or more bidders, the disputed object may immediately put up for sale again starting from the last registered bid.
During the auction, the Auctioneer at his own discretion is entitled to: withdraw any lot, make bids to reach the reserve price, as agreed between Cambi and the seller, and take any action he deems suitable to the circumstances, as joining or separating lots or changing the order of sale.
12
Clients who intend to offer bids during the auction must request a "personal number" from the staff of Cambi and this number will be given to the client upon presentation of IDs, current address and, possibly, bank references or equivalent guarantees for the payment of the hammered price plus commission and/or expenses. Buyers who might not have provided ID and current address earlier must do so immediately after a knock down.
Cambi reserves the right to deny anyone, at its own discretion, the entrance in its own building and the participation to the auction, and to reject offers from unknown or unwelcome bidders, unless a deposit covering the entire value of the desired lot is raised or in any case an adequate guarantee is supplied.
After the late or nonpayment from a purchaser, Cambi will have the right to refuse any other offer from this person or his repre- sentative during the following auctions.
13
The commissions due to Cambi by the buyer are 27% of the hammer price of each lot up to an amount of ' 400.000 and 24% on any amount in excess of this sum, including VAT. Any other taxes or charges are at the buyer's expenses.
14
The buyer must make a down payment after the sale and settle the residual balance before collecting the goods at his or her risk and expense not later than ten days after the knock down. In case of total or partial nonpayment of the due amount within this deadline, Cambi can:
a) return the good to the seller and demand from the buyer the payment of the lost commission; b) act in order to obtain enforcement of compulsory payment; c) sell the object privately or during the following auction in the name and at the expenses of the highest bidder according to article 1515 of the Italian Civil Code, with the right of the compensation for damages.
After the above mentioned period, Cambi will not be held responsible towards the buyer for any deterioration and/or damage of the object(s) in question and it will have the right to apply, to each object, storage and transportation fees to and from the warehouse according to tariffs available on request. All and any risks to the goods for damage and/or loss are transfer- red to the buyer upon knock down and the buyer may have the goods only upon payment, to Cambi, of the Knock down commissions and any other taxes including fees concerning the packing, handling, transport and/or storage of the objects involved.
15
For objects subjected to notification from the State, in accordance to the D.Lgs. 22.01.2004 n. 42 (c.d. Codice dei Beni Culturali) and following changes, buyers are beholden by law to observe all existing legislative dispositions on the matter and, in case the State exercises its pre-emptive right, cannot expect from Cambi or the vendor any re-imbursement or eventual interest on commission on the knock down price already paid. The export of lots by the buyers, both resident and not resident in Italy, is regulated by the above mentioned law and the other custom, financial and tax rules in force. Export of objects more than 50 years old is subject to the release of an export license from the competent Authority. Cambi does not take any responsibility towards the purchaser as for any possible export restriction of the objects knocked down, nor concerning any possible license or certificate to be obtained according to the Italian law.

16
For all object including materials belonging to protected species as, for example, coral, ivory, turtle, crocodile, whale bones, rhinoceros horns and so on, it is necessary to obtain a CITES export license released by the Ministry for the Environment and the Safeguard of the Territory. Possible buyers are asked to get all the necessary information concerning the laws on these exports in the Countries of de- stination.
17
The 'Droit de Suite' will be paid by the seller (Italian State Law n. 663, clause 152, April 22, 1941, replaced by Decree n. 118, clause 10, February13, 2006).
18
All the valuations indicated in the catalogue are expressed in Euros and represent a mere indication. These values can be equal, superior or inferior to the reserve price of the lots agreed with the sellers.
19
These Sales Conditions, regulated by the Italian law, are silently accepted by all people talking part in the auction and are at everyone's disposal. All controversies concerning the sales activity at Cambi are regulated by the Court of Genoa.
20
According to article 13 D.Lgs. 196/2003 (Privacy Code), Cambi informs that the data received will be used to carry out the sales contracts and all other services concerning the social object of Cambi S.a.s.. The attribution of the data is optional but it is fundamental to close the contract. The registration at the auctions gives Cambi the chance to send the catalogues of the following auctions and any other information concerning its ac- tivities.
21
Any communication regarding the auction must be done by registered return mail addressed to:
Cambi Casa d'Aste
Castello Mackenzie - Mura di S. Bartolomeo 16
16122 Genova - Italy